Steam-turbine.



1115. 739,191. Y PATENTBDNSBPT.15,1903.

P. KUGBL an' v. GELPKB.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLIpATIoN FILED un. so, 190s.'

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H0 MODEL.

No. 739,191. PATENTBD SEPT. 15, 1903. P. KUGEL & V. GELPKB. STEAM TURBINE.

ArPLoATIoN FILED nu. so, 1903.

. Valles.

UNITED" STATES Patented september 15, 1903. i

PATENT OFFICE.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SRECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.'739,191, datedseptember 15, 1903.

Application tiled March 30, 1903. vSerial No. 150,232. (No model.)

To LZZ whom, t may concern:

' Beit known that we, PAUL KUGEL and VIC- TOR 'GELPKE, engineers, citizens of the Republic of Switzerland, and residents of Zrich, Switzerland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Steam or Gas Turbines with Radial Inward Flow, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates toimprovements in steam or gas turbines with radial inward flow, the construction of which is improved in such a manner that the driving medium makes a U-shaped way and is conducted in such Va manner that it repeatedly strikes the vanes. In the accompanying drawings,Figure l represents a turbine partly in front view and partly in section. Fig. 2 is'an axial section showing the arrangement of the blades and Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical sections showing the blades and vanes of slightly-I the active vanes in radial section on lineA B of Fig. 6. Fig. S is a radial section on line C D o f Fig. 6, showing a modied construction of the inactive vanes. Figs. 9 and 10 are diagrams showing the velocity of the driving medium.

The improved steam-turbine comprises, as usual, the running wheels 2, keyed to the shaft l, and the directrices 3, surrounding the running wheels. The running wheels 2, as well as the directrices 3, have blade-rims composed of alternating sets of active and inactive sets of blades and vanes 6 7, respectively. Each pair of sets is connected at the bottom by a U-shaped channel-S.

The active blades 4, as Well as the inactive blades 5 of the directrices andthe vanes 6 '7 of the running wheels, consist of single blades,

which are kept in place by end plates 9, con-Y nectedthrough long horizontal screws IO.

Each set'of active or inactive blades or vanes can be made in one piece, as shown in Fig. 2, or separately, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in which latter case a certain number of vanes in place. The vanes shown in Fig. 4

Fig.

are held between the rings 1l l2 by means of lateral projections 13. Y

As shown in Fig. 3, two or more rows of vanes can be made in one piece and secured in place by rings. rectrices are secured in place in the same manner as hereinbefore described with refer= each iiowof steam is securely guided, so that,

it cannot get into the next following bucket. The crosspieces I4 further serve for increas ing the stability of the whole construction. The space between the surfaces of the running wheels 2 and the directrices 3 is thus rei duced to a minimum and an easy iitting of the blades and vanes is obtained. I

This improved steam-turbine operates as follows: The steam first strikes the active blades and is then conducted lon to the corresponding active vane and through the U- shaped channel tothe corresponding inactive vane, and from there to the inactive' blade, and from thence through the U -shape'd channel of the directrix to the next active blade, from thence to the active vane, and so on.

As it is very essential for the efficiency of the turbine to make the driving medi-um pass through the U v-shaped channels with as little speed as possible, so as to prevent theloss of energy which is required for overcoming the resistance in the curvature, the kinetic energy must betaken out of each quantity of Vdriving medium on the active vane before thc driving medium gets to the` U-shaped channel. This is obtained in the improved construction shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8 by placing the active vanes l5 not at a right angle to the tangent, but at an acute angle, as shown in Fig. 7. The cross-pieces 14 are dispensed with. The active vanes I6 are placed at an acuteangle to the tangent, as shown in Fig. 8. In this improved construction the driving medium exerts practically all its kinetic energy on the active vanes 16, as can be seen from the diagrams shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The driving medium leaves the active vane The blades 4 5 of the di Y Ico with the relative velocity w, Fig. 9, and combines with the velocity of periphery o to the absolute velocity c, with which velocity it passes through the U-shaped channel, strikes the inactive vane, Fig. l0, and combines again with the velocity of periphery o to the lelative velocity w, with which velocity w it slides along the surface of the inactive vane and leaves the running wheel.

Having fully described our invention,\vhat we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Improved steam or gas turbine, comprising in combination running wheels fixed to the main shaft, directrices surrounding the running wheels alternating sets of active and of inactive blades on the rim of the directrices, alternating sets ot active and inactive vanes on the rim of the running wheels, U- shaped channels in the running wheels and directrices respectively below and above the vanes and blades connecting one active set with its corresponding inactive set, crosspieces in the U-shaped channels for separating one pair of blades and vanes from the following, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose set forth.

f2. Improved stealn or gas turbine, comprising in combination running wheels iixed to the main shaft, directrices surrounding the running wheels alternating sets of active and of inactive blades on the rim of the directrices, alternating sets of active and inactive vanes on the rim of the running wheels, said sets of blades and vanes being made each in one piece, U -shaped channels in the running wheels and directrices respectively below and above the vanes and blades connecting one active set with its corresponding inactive set, cross -pieces in the U shaped channels for separating one pair of blades and vanes from the following, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose set forth.

3. Improved steam or gas turbine, comprising in combination running wheels fixed to the main shaft, directrices surrounding the running wheels alternating sets of active and inactive blades on the rim of the directrices, alternating sets of active and inactive vanes on the rim of the running wheels, said sets of blades and vanes being composed of single blades and vanes, rings between the several blades or vanes of one set, end plates at the end of each set, long horizontal screws connecting the end plates of each set, lateral projections of the blades and vane-s entering corresponding recesses of the rings, U-shaped channels in the running wheels and directrices respectively below and above the vanes and blades connecting one active set with its corresponding inactive set, cross-pieces in the U-shaped channels for separating one pair of blades and vanes from the following, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose set forth.

Li. Improved steam or gas turbine, comprising in combination running wheels fixed to the main shaft, directrices surrounding the running wheels alternating sets of active and inactive blades on the rim of the directrices, alternating sets of active and inactive vanes on the rim of the running wheels, the active vanes and the inactive vanes being placed at an acute angle to the tangent, U -shaped channels in the running wheels and directrices respectively below and above the vanes and blades connecting one active set with its corresponding inactive set, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PAUL KUGEL.

VICTOR GELPKE. lVitnesses:

A. LIEBERKNECHT, A. CUMINs. 

